服务器优化——Sysctl, Apache, MySQL篇
完美排版/最后更新修正版本：[url=http://www.noobu.com/0510_apache_mysql_sysctl_tweak.html][color=#2f5fa1]http://www.noobu.com/0510_apache_mysql_sysctl_tweak.html[/color][/url] <br>人们常说，服务器的负载能力，很大程度上取决于系统管理员的配置和优化能力。这个是对的，相同的硬件、不同的软件配置，会造成截然不同的效果。下面我将给大家介绍一下如何优化 sysctrl, Apache 以及 MySQL 。请注意，所有配置均为取决于个人，请根据自己的实际情况做调整。<br>[b]配置Sysctl[/b]<br>编辑此文件：<br>nano -w /etc/sysctl.conf<br>如果该文件为空，则输入以下内容，否则请根据情况自己做调整：<br># Controls source route verification<br># Default should work for all interfaces<br>net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1<br># net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1<br># net.ipv4.conf.lo.rp_filter = 1<br># net.ipv4.conf.eth0.rp_filter = 1<br># Disables IP source routing<br># Default should work for all interfaces<br>net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0<br># net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route = 0<br># net.ipv4.conf.lo.accept_source_route = 0<br># net.ipv4.conf.eth0.accept_source_route = 0<br># Controls the System Request debugging functionality of the kernel<br>kernel.sysrq = 0<br># Controls whether core dumps will append the PID to the core filename.<br># Useful for debugging multi-threaded applications.<br>kernel.core_uses_pid = 1<br># Increase maximum amount of memory allocated to shm<br># Only uncomment if needed!<br># kernel.shmmax = 67108864<br># Disable ICMP Redirect Acceptance<br># Default should work for all interfaces<br>net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects = 0<br># net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects = 0<br># net.ipv4.conf.lo.accept_redirects = 0<br># net.ipv4.conf.eth0.accept_redirects = 0<br># Enable Log Spoofed Packets, Source Routed Packets, Redirect Packets<br># Default should work for all interfaces<br>net.ipv4.conf.default.log_martians = 1<br># net.ipv4.conf.all.log_martians = 1<br># net.ipv4.conf.lo.log_martians = 1<br># net.ipv4.conf.eth0.log_martians = 1<br># Decrease the time default value for tcp_fin_timeout connection<br>net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 25<br># Decrease the time default value for tcp_keepalive_time connection<br>net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 1200<br># Turn on the tcp_window_scaling<br>net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling = 1<br># Turn on the tcp_sack<br>net.ipv4.tcp_sack = 1<br># tcp_fack should be on because of sack<br>net.ipv4.tcp_fack = 1<br># Turn on the tcp_timestamps<br>net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 1<br># Enable TCP SYN Cookie Protection<br>net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1<br># Enable ignoring broadcasts request<br>net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1<br># Enable bad error message Protection<br>net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses = 1<br># Make more local ports available<br># net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000<br># Set TCP Re-Ordering value in kernel to ‘5′<br>net.ipv4.tcp_reordering = 5<br># Lower syn retry rates<br>net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2<br>net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 3<br># Set Max SYN Backlog to ‘2048′<br>net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 2048<br># Various Settings<br>net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 1024<br># Increase the maximum number of skb-heads to be cached<br>net.core.hot_list_length = 256<br># Increase the tcp-time-wait buckets pool size<br>net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 360000<br># This will increase the amount of memory available for socket input/output queues<br>net.core.rmem_default = 65535<br>net.core.rmem_max = 8388608<br>net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 8388608<br>net.core.wmem_default = 65535<br>net.core.wmem_max = 8388608<br>net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 65535 8388608<br>net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 8388608 8388608 8388608<br>net.core.optmem_max = 40960<br>如果希望屏蔽别人 ping 你的主机，则加入以下代码：<br># Disable ping requests<br>net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_all = 1<br>编辑完成后，请执行以下命令使变动立即生效：<br>/sbin/sysctl -p<br>/sbin/sysctl -w net.ipv4.route.flush=1<br>[b]MySQL优化[/b]<br>编辑MySQL的配置文件：<br>nano /etc/my.cnf<br>输入以下内容：<br>[mysqld]<br>connect_timeout=15<br>interactive_timeout=100<br>join_buffer_size=1M<br>key_buffer=128M<br>max_allowed_packet=16M<br>max_connections=500<br>max_connect_errors=10<br>myisam_sort_buffer_size=64M<br>read_buffer_size=1M<br>read_rnd_buffer_size=768K<br>sort_buffer_size=1M<br>table_cache=1024<br>thread_cache_size=100<br>thread_concurrency=4<br>wait_timeout=300<br>query_cache_size=32M<br>query_cache_limit=1M<br>query_cache_type=1<br>skip-innodb<br>请注意，以上配置适用于512M~1024M内存，如内存更大的话请自行做调整。给项目增加内存会加快速度，但是使用过多的内存而导致启用swap的话，会极大的导致系统效率下降。其中 thread_concurrency 这项配置，单CPU的话请设置为2，双CPU的话请设置为4。<br>[b]Apache优化[/b]<br>以下优化适用于 Apache 1.3 系列，如果你用的是 2.0 系列的话，请自行做调整和判断。<br>确认 Apache 的配置文件位置并开始编辑：<br>locate httpd.conf<br>nano -w /path/to/httpd.conf<br>httpd.conf的文件有许多内容，笔者就拿出需要做优化的：<br>KeepAlive On<br>MaxKeepAliveRequests 1000<br>KeepAliveTimeout 3<br>MinSpareServers 8<br>MaxSpareServers 13<br>MaxRequestsPerChild 50<br>将 KeepAliveTimeout 设定到较小的数字将有助于减少服务器上的无用等待链接，一定程度上能增加服务器负载。<br>另外，下面这条不算优化，但是是Apache安全相关：<br>ServerSignature Off<br>ServerTokens ProductOnly<br>将 ServerSignature 关闭，并增加 ServerTokens ProductOnly 可以使常人无法检测到Apache的实际版本号，有助于Apache的安全。<br>以上所做的这些优化在某种程度上会增强服务器的负载性能。但请注意，最佳的配置是实践出来的。:) <br>[b]出处 菜鸟油 ( [url=http://www.noobu.com/][color=#2f5fa1]http://www.noobu.com[/color][/url] ) 作者：沧蓝 欢迎转载，转载请注明出处与作者，谢谢[/b]<br>本文的完美排版/最后更新修正版本：[url=http://www.noobu.com/0510_apache_mysql_sysctl_tweak.html][color=#2f5fa1]http://www.noobu.com/0510_apache_mysql_sysctl_tweak.html[/color][/url]<a href=[[[SQ]]][[[http://bbs.wendaedu.com/viewthread.php?tid=75]]]></a> 不错，多谢楼主！先收藏了~
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